Communication Channels Paper free essay sample

Communication Channels Paper BY enn1980 HCS/320 Judd Shank Erin Griffin August 23, 2010 Communication is split into two parts one being the message or content and the channel its transmitted on. For example, you may want to communicate something about your emotional state, lets say you are happy. You can communicate that over a variety of channels. They are writing a letter, sending an email, communicate it non- verbally or para-verbally, tape recording, etc. , of how excited you are. The way health care organizations disseminated health information internally are in a variety of ways. The varieties of ways are memos, emails, letters, and telephone, and person to person. Health care organizations also disseminate health information externally as well. The varieties of ways externally are telephones, letters, email and memos, and person to person. What is important is that the different communication channels have different strengths and weaknesses (Bascal Associates, 2008). The ways health care organizations disseminate health information internally are in a variety of ways. Internally in an organization there are many different ways each member of staff is disseminating health information to patients and other staff embers. A staff member would not speak to a patient the same way they would another staff member. A patient might not understand some of the medical terminology as another staff member would. The key to finding the Joy in practicing medicine lies in communicating with patients about their whole being rather than just focusing on their ailments, says dermatologist Steve Shama, M. D. (Gagnon, 2004). Staff in health care organizations also communicates via email, memos, and letters and on tape. Doctors would more than likely send emails and on tape as well to other doctors about patients diagnosis and prognosis. Memos are generally used from igher department heads to lower department staffing for a reminder about meetings or any other information from department to department. The success of health care delivery depends greatly upon open channels of communication between the health care provider and the patient (Diaz-Duque, 1989). To compare and contrast the variety of channels communication is passed internally and externally. Health care organizations use technology a lot to dispense their communication internally and externally. Clinics and hospitals use the intra-net which is the internet through only that organization for some of the employees. Certain computers do not have internet but are able to use the intra- net through the organization. Clinics and hospitals use this type of communication to pass on reminders, memos, letters, directions and etc. o other employees within the organization. Communications can be facilitated by technology. Healthcare providers organize practices, hospitals, and nursing homes have tremendous needs to effectively communicate their organizations and between their organizations. The focus on electronic medical reduce administrative costs and to improve services and quality of care to patients. Frustration with the inadequacies of a paper chart-filing system drives providers in all delivery venues toward technology at an increase rate. Implementation barriers to technology adoption in medical practices can be overcome by incremental approaches and knowledge- transfer assistance from affiliated community healthcare partners such as hospitals (Nelson, 2005). Using the intra-net or even the internet throughout organizations is more beneficial then mailing their correspondence because the intra-net or internet is there within minutes compared to a regular letter or other type of correspondence from one rganization or person to the next that could take days or even weeks depending on where it is being sent to. Another channel organizations use internally and externally is a telephone. Clinics and hospitals use telephones by receiving and calling patients, pharmacies, other medical staff, and the general public for other reasons. Using this type of channel clinics and organizations could run into the problem that the phone number is disconnected or change of number of the other business or person they are calling. Fax machines are another channel of communication through many organizations of health care. Nursing homes use fax machines a lot to pass communication to pharmacies, physicians, and labs. Mainly fax machines are used for their own business purposes and not to fax other patient information over to other places. Faxes are another form of communication that is instantly received and sent to the respondent. Is there room for improvements for communication within organizations? Yes, there is room for improvements for communication within organizations. I believe that all hospitals, nursing homes, and clinics should go to the Electronic Medical Records. They are more beneficial to the staff and even the patients. I feel they are more beneficial to the staff because all the information they need for the patients they are tending too are right there in one spot instead of a bunch of papers in a chart. EMR charts are Just a click there and there is the information for the staff. Also the EMR is beneficial to the patients because a paper could be lost in translation and on the EMR their information can be saved in the observation room right then and there. Electronic medical records can send prescriptions to the pharmacy of the patients choice right there at the appointment of that patient. The computer also gives the staff information of what ype of medication that patient can have if they are expecting a child and more medical situations. It is informational for the staff instead of having to leave the patient until the end of the appointment. Communication is split into two parts one being the message or content and the channel its transmitted on. For example, you may want to communicate something about your emotional state, lets say you are happy. You can communicate that over a variety of channels. They are writing a letter, sending an email, communicate it non-verbally or para-verbally, tape recording, etc. of how excited you are. The way health care organizations disseminated health information internally are in a variety of ways. The varieties of ways are memos, emails, letters, and telephone, and person to person. Health care ways externally are telephones, letters, email and memos, and person to person. Communication has many channels of how it is dispensed to and from other organizations and people in general. It is all how it is used and received. References Bascal Associates. (2008-2010). Communication channels are important, what are communication channels and why are they important.

BCP and Disaster Recovery Plan †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the BCP and Disaster Recovery Plan. Answer: Introduction Security has been evolved for the long term to be in the standard terror that aims to have more than the cloud investments while the observations is been made on the improvements been made on the security. Checking to the public cloud security, the observations and ideas been made and are improving towards the security and stopping it form the malicious activities. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) usually aims to provide the virtualised computing resources over the internet connectivity. It mainly focus on delivering the infrastructure and outsourcing it to provide the security of the data which is been collected from the internet. Keeping the security terms in mind, the data is been violated and making the duplicated data and change the original data keeping all the issues and working on it the company deploying software is to keep the biggest concern about the privacy and the security regarding the issues. Because of all these concerns the organisation is not stopping it from mig ration of the database from 1 platform to another platform (Alhazmi Malaiya, 2013). When the database is been moved to the cloud device the security been shared during the risk with the responsibility which is been provided is to have an appropriate reason for it sometimes the expertise who are working in big industries allow them to increase the sensitivity of the data to the other party i.e. the third party which have the cloud providers to increases and make it difficult for the risk settings through which company keep on making the updating and perform the operations daily (Yang Jia, 2013). Once the database is been moved in to the IaaS instance in the cloud, the level of security is been increased into the cloud services. But for maintaining the security in the cloud the most important thing is to keep in the mind i.e. the budgeting of the security on the public cloud station which is totally different from the other platforms which generally have the other way of differentiating and preventing it from the risks. The most fundamental method which is being used from prevention is that the provider uses the shared responsibility models which mainly aim to spread the risks between the sellers and the potential buyers. Generally it happens that the customers generally dont buy the products and the equipments which are similar because sometimes the issue is been raised between the security in the cloud and the data canters (Xiao Xiao, 2013). Budgeting and taking the preventions in the security in the public cloud generally start from the applications that have the various infrastructure components that are existed, like serving of the documents, hosting a website, etc. In IaaS providers tend to allow the main responsibility which is to be provided to the customers. The benefits and issues that would be the result of your deployment of these security measures are- That is basically prevents from reducing the total infrastructure costs, it basically provides the group off virtual machines which are being hosting on the track. This basically helps the organisation in serving on a large scale of the servers, capacity of the storage, network connections, load balancing, etc. It tends to reduce the capital IT investments and the expenditures. The main benefits are: Maximising of the Resources with the Minimal Investments Increasability of the speed in the market Advantages to Drive competitive and its innovation Maximising Flexibility. Reduces various connectivity to the entry and reduce barriers for the large data centers (Wei, et al., 2014). The risks associated with migrating this mission critical database to the cloud The Database- Generally cloud environment generally faces the threats which are being placed as the corporate traditional corporate networks. This threat is mainly occur when the data is been violated from the one source to another source it generally happens because of the large amount of the data being stored in the networks on the cloud servers (Wei, et al., 2014). This tends to damage the sensitivity of the data which is been exposed. The IaaS infrastructure- It is essential to have a large storage i.e. should be cloud based storage service which requires the more demanding and usability of an application should be secured more so as to tolerate best hosted application services. The communications between Webbs and their IaaS database in the cloud- Insufficiency in the network based in the virtual networks and the tailoring with the accessibility to the web and to the IaaS database it generally have the limited accessibility to the networks infrastructure and IP based controls and network standards and it various zones are not applied usually (SILVA, 2016). Risks and the issues associated with the backing up of data on cloud computing: Confidentiality: The risk of unauthorised access to the data is called as the risk of confidentiality information is one of the vital assets of any organisation. And hence keeping the sensitive information confidential is critical for any organisation. As it is a general fact that clouds operates on the public networks it is more prone to cyber-crimes like data leakage, internet terrorism etc. When the data is moved on online platforms the hackers or the intruder seeks to decrypt the confidential data of the company so as to gain access to the companys confidential and sensitive data (Rong, Nguyen Jaatun, 2013). Integrity: The risk of integrity the risk of unauthorized alternations and modification of highly relevant information of the company. Data saved on the online platform can be safeguarded from the issues of data loss and damage through the use of tight data controls. However, even information saved on online mode i.e. the cloud is vulnerable to risks of data cracking, data hacking and other cyber-crime etc. the hackers of the information are discovering new techniques to have gain unauthorised access to the sensitive data of the company so that they can alter it by adding deleting or modifying the critical information of the company (Pearson, 2013). Standardisation risk: This risk occurs because the cloud system is not standardised. The cloud solutions are not all uniform as the vendors or the cloud service provider sets out different protocols to provide the services like backup and recovery plans of important data of company. Provider often has different opinion as to what is relevant and important when the issues of back-up and recovery provision arise (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). Connectivity: The proper working of internet network is the must for migrating the important data of the company to online modes and hence network issues imposes the risk of outage where the data can be stuck or get corrupted in between due to the improper network connectivity. Loss of data control: When the data is saved on premise platforms the business managers have full control over their important data but when the critical information is transferred to the public clouds the owners of the information may have to face the risk of loss of control over their own data (Khoshkholghi, 2014). Issues of data storage on cloud platforms Data privacy: The cloud platforms although are the cheap source of information safeguarding however due to the huge public network on the cloud system it is difficult for the cloud service providers to prevent the risk of hacking or cracking of data that is stored on the clouds. As cloud computing offers the cost effective and easily manageable infrastructure the users of cloud computing services are increasing day by day and due to the high access of cloud computing system by the users it is difficult for the cloud service vendors to control the risk of unauthorised access or data stealing (Kavis, 2014). Data recovery: Cloud services are often used by the businesses to get their critical data safeguarded from the risks and uncertainties of data corruption or data loss. Cloud computing enables the users to secure their data from those risks and uncertainties by providing the back-up services. However with the increased users of cloud services the cloud traffic is growing rapidly with each passing day therefore the cloud users have to face issues like slow data recovery or sometimes the data is recovered by the unauthorised persons without the actual users knowledge (Amiri, Cavusoglu Benbasat, 2014). Data backup: With the growing crowd over the cloud service platforms the cost of data back-up services are increasing affecting the cost effectiveness of the backing up features of cloud computing. To store the data as the backup plan the clouds are providing not the reliable storages as the data is highly vulnerable to the risk of unauthorised access (Hashem, et al., 2015). Retrieval of data from the cloud: Time consuming: Once the data is transferred to online modes it may sometimes get cumbersome for the users to take back their data in house as it may involve considerable time due to slow retrieval processes on cloud as a result of heavy users traffic. This process may make the users to wait for enormous time. Complex retrieval processes: The data retrieval sometimes gets complicated due to the involvement of technical issues in the data transfers and thus difficult for the business managers to cope up with the complexities of retrieval processes (Alhazmi Malaiya, 2013). The Webbs has started initialising to use the cloud backups and the DR plans so as to have the top priority of the backup recovery. DRP plans are very essential for the certain reasons which is been used in an organisation. It is essential to plan for the DRP system to continue all the business process in an organisation to simultaneously perform all the business activities which mainly deals with the goods and the services. The clouds initially offer the businesses to the virtual way of storing the large amount of data. It is essential to store all the files and the folders which is been kept at the data centers. Webbs protect access to these services that they are now moving to the Cloud The first thing to recognize the best suitable services that are being in the trend to use the best services for storing and migrating the best possible services for migrating the database to the cloud is so that the data should not be violated or been breached to the other platform and should not continue from preventing it the Webbs uses the (Fox, Patterson Joseph, 2013). Cloud backup and restore infrastructure This process is used to safeguard the business activities and to prevent from the disaster so as to protect the files which are been collected from the website or from the necessary applications needed. This process helps in to quickly access and perform the network operations and to rapidly increase in the restoring of the files when the system gets failed or the file is lost. The main benefits and the features of this software for which the Webbs uses It helps in saving time for easily creating, scheduling and managing of the file-level backups using the control panel. This software is less costly and save money. It helps in securing the organisational data This software is more reliable as comparison to other software It helps in easy way of accessing by the users for restoring the files from the Cloud control Panel. It helps in Customizing the scheduling which helps mainly in taking the backups very frequently. Provides the facility of the File based backups which help in restoring all the files and folders from the system (Almorsy, Grundy Mller, 2016). Conclusion Therefore it can be firmly concluded from the entire research that migration of data can cost severe consequences to the business if proper security measures are not used and implemented in data transferring from physical modes to online modes. In order to ensure the data security the businesses are thus required to critically analyse the potential risks involved in the data migration. Moreover, the business managers are required to make proper recovery plans of data before transferring it online. References Alhazmi, O. H., Malaiya, Y. K. (2013, January). Evaluating disaster recovery plans using the cloud. InReliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS), 2013 Proceedings-Annual(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Almorsy, M., Grundy, J., Mller, I. (2016). An analysis of the cloud computing security problem.arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107. Amiri, A. K., Cavusoglu, H., Benbasat, I. (2014). When is IT Unavailability a Strategic Risk?: A Study in the Context of Cloud Computing. Dutta, A., Peng, G. C. A., Choudhary, A. (2013). Risks in enterprise cloud computing: the perspective of IT experts.Journal of Computer Information Systems,53(4), 39-48. Fox, A., Patterson, D. A., Joseph, S. (2013).Engineering software as a service: an agile approach using cloud computing. Strawberry Canyon LLC. Hashem, I. A. T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N. B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A., Khan, S. U. (2015). The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, 98-115. Kavis, M. J. (2014).Architecting the cloud: design decisions for cloud computing service models (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS). John Wiley Sons. Khoshkholghi, M. A., Abdullah, A., Latip, R., Subramaniam, S., Othman, M. (2014). Disaster recovery in cloud computing: A survey.Computer and Information Science,7(4), 39. Pearson, S. (2013). Privacy, security and trust in cloud computing. InPrivacy and Security for Cloud Computing(pp. 3-42). Springer London. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016).Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Rong, C., Nguyen, S. T., Jaatun, M. G. (2013). Beyond lightning: A survey on security challenges in cloud computing.Computers Electrical Engineering,39(1), 47-54. SILVA, B. (2016). A framework for availability, performance and survivability evaluation of disaster tolerant cloud computing systems. Wei, L., Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Jia, W., Chen, Y., Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing.Information Sciences,258, 371-386. Xiao, Z., Xiao, Y. (2013). Security and privacy in cloud computing.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,15(2), 843-859. Yang, K., Jia, X. (2013). An efficient and secure dynamic auditing protocol for data storage in cloud computing.IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,24(9), 1717-1726.

Achievements of the Ancient Greeks essays

Achievements of the Ancient Greeks essays Before there was Rome, Greece was the center of the Mediterranean. The Ancient Greeks had many achievements that have influenced the way we live today. The Greeks architecture, lighting, farming, jobs, sports, and music were their accomplishments. The Ancient Greeks commonly built their houses with relatively inexpensive materials such as stone, wood, or clay bricks. They painted the outside of their houses white to deflect the heat of the sun. Despite the elite architectural standards demonstrated by the Greeks, the materials they used to build the houses left flaws in their design. The walls of houses built with sun-dried bricks had a tendency to wash away, little by little, in the rain which would eventually lead to the complete collapse of the house, burying everything within its walls. When this happened, the ground would be leveled off and another house would be built on top of the same lot. Over time, mounds would grow where several houses had been leveled. Due to this method of building, much of the information regarding the Ancient Greeks living conditions and living standards have been discovered by archaeologists. The rich lived in what we would describe as a large town house, consisting of a dozen or so rooms, an d conveniently located close to all town facilities. The typical house stood beside a narrow, crooked street. The front of the house usually had a front door and a few small windows positioned high in the wall. Rooms were built around a small open-air courtyard where families would spend much of their time relaxing and entertaining. The furnishings inside these homes were relatively simple and can be identified by the illustrations on vases and stone reliefs. They included items such as chairs, stools, couches, tables and various chests, boxes and baskets. Many of these items were made of wood or other organic materials.(Pearson 28) The main source of lighting were candles, resinous torches, and oil lamps. A...

Pollution in Dhaka City Essays

Pollution in Dhaka City Essays Pollution in Dhaka City Paper Pollution in Dhaka City Paper Essay Topic: Water pollution Pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, water, soil or food that can adversely affect the health, survival or activities of human or other living organisms. The effects of water pollution are far-reaching and affect not only the environment, but human beings and animals as well. The pollution in Dacha has reached alarming levels, threatening public health, ecosystems and economic growth. 2. 0 OBJECTIVE: The objective of the report is to create awareness regarding the environmental issues in Dacha. The types of pollution focused in this assignment are mainly air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. Everyday we face these pollution in the city some way or the other. The report identifies these problems and their underlying causes. Further, it addresses the major problems created in Dacha city due to pollution and its impact on our future generation. Air pollution has emerged as a serious problem in the city. Blackening of the city air and reduced visibility can be observed in some areas at times even with unaided eyes. Episodes of choking smells and irritating eyes are common. The weather of Dacha is tropical with lowest temperature varying between 54-OFF and highest between 77-BIBB. During monsoon (June-August), there is very high precipitation of rainfall being on the average greater than 30 CM per month.

Re-Engineering Technique of Lightco Company Essay - 14

Re-Engineering Technique of Lightco Company - Essay Example As mentioned in the case, the company was divided into six departments. Each department was working separately. Engineers had occupied the executive level, while they did not have adequate experience or sufficient ability to manage people. It was one of the factors that affected the Job performance and the â€Å"Leading ability† based on the job performance equation: â€Å"Job performance = Abilities X Motivation X Org. Support†. II. Stressful, the relation between stress and lack of communication states that â€Å"poor employee communication causes employee stress†. The employees were unaware and worried about the (BPI) attitude towards them; therefore, the employees’ morale went down once again and this time it was at an all-time low. The stress affected employees; hence, both the pilot projects had adverse effects on the employees. For instance, by the centralization of the Customer Services processes, 150 employees were worried about their careers. According to Health Magazine, Customer Services was ranked as the eighth most stressful job. Nonetheless, the pilot project increased the employees’ stress and made their situation even more complicated. Also, it seemed that the Re-engineering Technique was the major contributor to high levels of stress.   III. Inequity, The probability of inequity was a common belief among Lights employees. Not only the employees but even White had promised to commit to employment equity. According to the Equity Theory, an employee will usually compare himself/ herself with others. The prejudice is clear in Lights situation, as Coral emphasized, "I received a one-day training session while the manager was getting a four-day training session". She was dissatisfied and believed that it was unfair. She thought that she would be given more attention during the implementation of the culture change technique but this was not what happened.

HRM Current Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HRM Current Issues - Essay Example In this globalised world, an economic problem in one country will not get restricted to that country, but gets spread to other countries. This is what happening today, with the economic recession starting in United States of America, is having a very negative effect all over the world. Many companies are suffering losses and as a result, many employees are losing their jobs. Also, many organizations have quietly cut the salaries and other fringe benefits to their employees. So, the fear that their jobs and salary are at stake and to continue working, the employees are forced to work pushing their limits, leading to stress. With stressed mind, the employees will be hard-pressed to use his/hers physical and mental part, to work effectively for the organization. Stressed mind in the sense, due to the poor match between work load and the capabilities, resources, etc of the worker, the mind of the worker could be become disoriented leading to the damaging of workers biological, psychologi cal or social systems.. Stress is something which can happen to an individual both due to a positive action or change as well as negative action or change. That is, stress can be felt by the employees, if positive actions or changes like promotion, new assignments, new responsibilities, etc happen in his/hers professional life. Also in the same but different way, the employees will become stressed, if he/she faces negative actions or changes both in his/hers professional as well as personal life. The negative events or issues that could trigger stress are unemployment, suspension, failure to meet the targets, pressure, intimidation, abuse, etc from the superior as well as co-workers, divorce, deaths, etc, etc. When the above mentioned negative changes or actions occurs, they will be least expecting it and so they will be unable to handle it. That is, those

Investigating General Motors Chevy Volt Project

Investigating General Motors Chevy Volt Project What does the Chevy Volt case tell you about the nature of strategic decision making at a large complex organization like GM? In a complex organization such as GM, it appears that decisions concerning Chevy Volt project were reached without giving thorough plan outlay to the planning groups in the company. There was a lot of thing that put the company at stakes from the wrong strategic decision undertaken. All aspects of the project were done at the individual and subjective level. Take for example the proposal presented by Larry Burns and Bob Lutz concerning Chevy Volt to the top management presents a missing link of strategic leadership that should have been a transformational force. Yet the sad state of affairs is that strategic formulation and its implementation also were all compromised upon, which happened when the Chevy Volt concept car was launched. This shows that managerial level function, their involvement and leadership were not collaborative in a sense as far as implementation processes goes. Together with it, shareholder values and business plan also were not emphasized upon when decisions were made, which appears that the responsibility attached with managerial role and their expertise were all taken for granted that put the company in the threshold of a gamble and a joke. Explain briefly the changes in the external environment that made it favorable to undertake the Chevy Volt Project? As we relate to the given case, rising fuel prices, new environmental regulations, new entrant for green concepts cars and stiff competitors give abundant evidence to the changes in the external environment. There is some relevancy that microenvironments also were emphasized upon in context of Porter five forces model and SWOT analysis. Thus, the Chevy Volt project can significantly foster the CSR of GM, which is favorable. As a green concept car, the Chevy Volt scores a point as far as cost saving for users goes in context of rising oil prices then. However, what is crucial also can be exemplified in context of sustainable development process that the Chevy Volt can impact, let say limiting carbon gas emission in the backdrop of global warming and greenhouse effect and most importantly presents a wider socio-economic relevancy and impact. What internal obstacles do you think existed within GM that were unfavorable to the pursuit of the Chevy Volt project? Cost factor also is one unfavorable point that existed, given that GM have already invested billion of dollars for the development of Lithium-Ion batteries, which did not registers with the top management. The relevant cause for that also can be emphasized in context of the internal obstacles at GM as can be observed in respect of top management who were skeptical of Chevy Volt project, especially when the EV1 Hybrid model, a green concept electric car that run on conventional fuel cell introduced by the company way back in the 90s did not succeed and was a sheer loss in term of resource and brand image. Besides leadership in the company also have it flaws, and were not wholly involved. That is to say, strategy planning, its formulation and lifecycles that guaranteed the outcome of project was a missing links, which are the internal obstacles that are unfavorable for the pursuit of Chevy Volt project. The plan for the Chevy Volt seems to be based partly on the assumption that oil prices would remain high, and yet in late 2008, oil prices collapsed in the wake of a sharp global economic slowdown: What does this tell you about the nature of strategic plans? Chevy Volt project which is partly based on the assumption of fuels prices is rather skeptical. Plan outlay in context of rising oil prices, and environment sustainability only does not in a sense constitute total business plan layout. External environment analysis such as the macro and micro-economic factors also should have been focused, so that an alternative plan layout to develop new innovation for its benchmark cars model that run on fuel and that which should meet the tighter regulation in the future. Yet that was not the case, which we feel posit the flaws in the nature of strategic plan concerning Chevy Volt, and presents the uncertainty of such development course, which in the other case economic factor should have been given more emphasis for strategy, wherein economic theory of demand and supply also should have been brought in contention in regard of decision and strategy. How do falling oil prices affect the Chevy Volt project? The Chevy Volt project strategic plan was based on factor that kept rising oil prices in contention to market its electric car model for profitability. That is true to some extent. Yet, buying a car is long-term investment for buyers. That factor also should have been given due importance. Besides, investment made by GM in the Chevy Volt project also posed huge cost factor. In business context, Chevy Volt is less competitive and cost already incurred for the project means that the company has to compromise with its benchmark to foster a profitable outcome from situation of spiraling oil prices. Thus, falling oil prices can affect Chevy Volt project in terms of profitability directly from the sale of electric cars. However, such marketing concepts pose many risks and uncertainty, which in simple economic sense can be justified in context of supply and demand rule applicable to economics, be it for oil prices or the Chevy Volt car models and its demands in situations when oil prices would remain high. Do you think oil prices will remain low? There is no reason to think that oil prices will remain low, because it happened in a situation when demand for the product was low in the market. Rising oil prices defines the simple economic basis of the law of demand, which depends on market equilibrium for a product in influencing the inflation and deflation of particular product. Thus, it is very likely and in simple economic sense that once the demand for oil increases, prices also is also likely to surge accordingly. Besides there are no substitute product as far as fuel goes and in the case of Chevy Volt cars the case is otherwise, wherein substitute product can be emphasis in context of internal combustion engine cars which pouts competitors in a favorable situation as far as car model goes. a) What are the external conditions that need to be present for the Chevy Volt to be a successful car? For the success of the Chevy Volt Project effective marketing strategy has to be formulated. Marketing aspects also should capitalize on the internal and external forces that influence the products within the industry and against its rival for the competitive factor. From our understanding, the Chevy Volt is a high-tech car. Hence, external analysis from operational and business perspective should focus on the competitive structure of the industry and factors such as; innovations, socio-economic, and environmental impact that defines value added product, and the opportunistic cost that comes with it. Thus, a lot of innovation in the development process of the car should be fostered as one factor to benchmark against rivals and competitors in the industry, which is critical for success for a profitable outcome and goals achievements. Part of it also should focus on the strategic marketing aspects that give the car and its salient feature to reach the people through advertisement and awareness created in that regard are interrelated and need to be present for the Chevy Volt to be a successful car. Given its long presence in the market GM may not lack competency and skills, however, its strategic planning and decision making is stifled by strong resistance from its managers. This may be due to the complexity of the organization and resulting problems associated with strategic decision making. What would you suggest for GM to make its strategic planning and decision making effective and relevant? To facilitate effective strategic, it is advised that GM managers should take into account the following:- Response to the competition that the market posed and demands. Management Responsibility in decision undertaken. Knowledge sharing as a basis for project formulation and effectiveness. Cost factor analysis. Collaborative leadership as a means to negotiate against redundant formulation process. Do away with subjective and unreasonable reasoning and decisions. Transformational change has to be initiated. Management and supervisors involvements in any given projects. Business plan and layout should be effectively defined for any major outcome and long-term effects. Apart from these point and list of suggestion, we feel that strategic group in the company should be given ample hand to empanel for strategic plan layout, given that there are huge stakes for any given undertaking. After all, strategic group are expert panel. Yet, decision being reached is more or less subjective. Hence, a collaborative approach to management thinking, leadership and strategy formulation should be the core cultural basis in the company, which can effectively and relevantly drive the strategic planning and decision making in the course of goals achievements. In light of your analysis, what are the costs of failure in this project for GM? The cost of failure as far as Chevy Volt car concerns is huge and tremendous, as far as operation and economic consequences goes. Less involvement from the managers also brought to fore the cost and its effect to directly hit the company that brought it to the stage of total shutdown of its operations. Since the company is already in the threshold of bankruptcy, the Chevy Volt project that failed to impact the company strategic goals and its achievements posed the total effect of bankruptcy of GM and huge economic consequences as an aftermath, because the company is already on the process of huge public debt facilitated by the government to save itself from bankruptcy. Thus, it is suggested that either the plan have to be charted out to bring into effect the following:- Capitalize on the capability and expertise the company posits. Effective strategic management of operational process and procedures. Top Management involvement. Responsibility. Collaborative approaches to leadership. Cultural and structural upgrade of the corporate echelon and strategic management panel and groups. Standardization of managerial role, decisions and business plan layout. Capitalizing on the opportunities and threat. Facilitate a dynamic leadership culture. What are the costs for GM of not pursuing the project? There are tremendous and direct effects as far as Chevy Volt project concerns, since it is not pursued at all. Take for example the following cost factors:- The huge opportunistic cost lost in between. Operational and business capability that went for a toss. Marketing research that has not been capitalized effectively and efficiently for result outcome. Change factor and organizational learning. Cost factor in term of direct financial investments to investors, and stakeholders. Resource accumulation. Brand image and identity. Corporation competencies that have not been capitalized Sustainable development plans Corporate Social Responsibility Economic consequences. Bankruptcy. Business process and procedures.